Calculation of Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D)

Calculation of Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D)

Apparatus:

Round bottom flask, water condenser, Burette, Pipette,Heating mantle.

Reagents:

* Mercuric sulphate (< 1gm)

* Sulfuric Acid (1 Kg H₂SO₄ + 5.5 gm Ag₂SO₄ ) dissolve for 24 hrs.

* 0.25 N Potassium Dichromate (12.259 gm K₂Cr₂O₇ dried at [....]

Food-to-Microorganism Ratio(F/M Ratio)

Food-to-Microorganism ratio (F/M ratio)

The food-to-microorganism ratio (F/M ratio) is a process control method/calculation based upon maintaining a specified balance between available food materials (BOD or COD) in the aeration tank influent and the aeration tank mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentration The chemical oxygen demand test is sometimes used, because the results are available in a relatively short [....]

BOD/COD Loading on Aeration Process

Calculating BOD, COD, or SS loading on an aeration process

When calculating COD, BOD, or SS loading on an aeration process (or any other treatment process),loading on the process is usually calculated as lb/day. The following equation is used:
BOD, COD, or SS loading (lb/day) = mg/L x MGD x 8.34 lb/gal

Example:-

The BOD concentration of the wastewater [....]

Removal of COD, BOD: Ultrafiltration?

There is no possibility to reduce/remove COD & BOD Level by using Ultra Filtration (UF).

The Surface water Contain Less COD & BOD. But, In industrial Effluents,which will be higher Approximate 900 ppm and 350 ppm respectively(this is textile processing fig).

But you Can reduce these level by adopting Ozonator or U-V ray System, but the cost is High,moreover Some [....]

COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)

         COD is a non-specific test that measures the quantity of both bio-degradable and non-biodegradable organic matter and is reported as "ppm as oxygen". The test measures the ability of a hot chromic acid solution to oxidize organic matter.