Determination of volatile matter reduction in sludge is complicated because of the changes occurring during sludge digestion.

The calculation used to determine percent volatile matter (VM) reduction is

[%VM_in - %VM_out] X100

% of Volatile Matter Reduction (VM)    = ——————————-

[%VM_in - (%VM_in X % VM_out)]

Using the digester data provided below, Determine [....]

Measurement of Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is a measure of the oxygen demand characteristics of the bottom sediment which affects the dissolved oxygen resources of the overlying water. To measure SOD, a bottom sample is especially designed to entrap and seal a known quantity of water at the river bottom. Changes in DO concentrations (approximately 2 h, or until the [....]

Determination of Phosphate

The neutralized sample is reacted with ammonium molybdate and stannous chloride.the blue color obtained is matched against that produced with a series of standard phosphate solution, visually or with spectrophotometer at 690mu.

Reagents:

1.Phenolphthalein indicator solution

2.Approximately 4N sulfuric acid

3.Ammonium Molybdate Solution

4.Standard Phosphate solution

Procedure:

To a 50 ml.sample containing not more than 0.15mg.of phosphate(as [....]

Dear reader, due to some heavy work.we couldn’t touch with u last few months, OK.

Now we see as an with small example!

Aeration tank:

Influent BOD: 250mg/l(after 30% reduction in the Physio-chemical treatment followed by primary clarifier     

Process selected: Activated sludge process

Design Condition:

F/M (Food/Microbes) =0.15

MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids)=3000 mg/l

Calculation of Aeration Tank Volume: [....]