Calculation of Normality

Calculation of Normality

Equivalent weight (EW) = Molecular weight (MW) / Valency (Z)

Normality (N) =Equivalent weight (EW) / Volume of Solution (1000 ml.)

Meq = Actual weight (W) / Equivalent weight (EW)

Example: Molecular wt of K₂Cr₂O₇ is 294.148 gm

Valency = 6 (because of Cr ^-6)

EW = 294.148/6 = 49.025 [....]

pH

       The pH of the feed water measures the acidity or basicity. A pH of 7.0 is considered neutral. A pH between 0.0 and 7.0 is acidic. A pH between 7.0 and 14.0 is basic. To the analytical chemist, pH is a method of expressing hydrogen ion concentration in terms of the power of 10 with the pH value being [....]