A Ton of refrigeration (TR), Amount of heat require to melt a ton of Ice over 24 Hr period, that much of energy is called ton of refrigeration
A Refrigeration Ton is approximately equivalent to 12,000 BTU/Hr British thermal unit / Hour
one ton of refrigeration capacity can freeze one short ton of water at 0°C (32°F) in 24 hours. [....]
Before to Calculate the capacity of the Water Softener (softening) Plant, to choose how much water to be softened. In this case, 100M3 to be softened at 400 ppm of Feed Hardness to 5 ppm.
How to Calculate the resin capacity?
The Resin Exchange Capacity is mention into the product’s supplier Data Sheet*.
Normally cationic exchange capacity : 55/liter of [....]
Water Analysis Procedure of Various Species | Elements
Apparatus:
Volumetric flask,
conical flask,
beaker,
burette,
pipette,
filter paper
Reagents:
* 0.1N Iodine solution ( 40 gm KI in 1 Ltr of Distilled water ).
* 0.05N Sodium Thiosulphate solution (12.5 gm Na2S2O3.5H2O in 1 Ltr Distilled water)
* 1% Starch solution
* Activated carbon
Procedure:
I Standardisation of Iodine solution
* Take 10c.c of 0.1N Iodine solution in [....]
Ion exchange removes unwanted ions from a raw water by transferring them to a solid material, called an ion exchanger, which accepts them while giving back an equivalent number of a desirable species stored on the ion exchanger skeleton.
The ion exchanger has a limited capacity for storage of ions on its skeleton, called its exchange capacity; [....]