Waste Water Calculation

Determination of volatile matter reduction in sludge is complicated because of the changes occurring during sludge digestion.

The calculation used to determine percent volatile matter (VM) reduction is

[%VM_in – %VM_out] X100

% of Volatile Matter Reduction (VM)    = ——————————-

[%VM_in – (%VM_in X % VM_out)]

Using the digester data provided below, Determine [....]

Measurement of Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is a measure of the oxygen demand characteristics of the bottom sediment which affects the dissolved oxygen resources of the overlying water. To measure SOD, a bottom sample is especially designed to entrap and seal a known quantity of water at the river bottom. Changes in DO concentrations (approximately 2 h, or until the [....]

Determination of Phosphate

The neutralized sample is reacted with ammonium molybdate and stannous chloride.the blue color obtained is matched against that produced with a series of standard phosphate solution, visually or with spectrophotometer at 690mu.

Reagents:

1.Phenolphthalein indicator solution

2.Approximately 4N sulfuric acid

3.Ammonium Molybdate Solution

4.Standard Phosphate solution

Procedure:

To a 50 ml.sample containing not more than 0.15mg.of phosphate(as [....]